Gravitational Mass: The gravitational mass of an object is the ratio of the gravitational force applied to an object and the strength of the gravitational field.
Einstein's Thought Experiment:
Inertial Mass: The force applied to an object divided by the acceleration it produces.
These two are identical for all intents and purposes on earth and would only become significant if we accelerate in deep space where the gravitational forces are negligible.
Einstein's Thought Experiment:
Consider two scenarios: If there is an astronaut doing an experiment of dropping a ball in a stationary elevator on earth or in an accelerating elevator. Einstein states that the observations would be identical and the astronaut would not be able to determine whether he is in an accelerating frame of reference or in a gravitational field. This is called the principle of equivalence.
Bending of Light:
Light bends in the presence of bodies with large masses. Evidence: During a solar eclipse in 1919, Arthur Eddington found that stars behind the sun were shifted outwards as shown:
Gravitational lensing:
Light from distant galaxies behind other galaxies reach the earth because of bending of light. This allows us to see them and is evidence for general relativity.
The distant galaxy appears as a ring around the galaxy in front which is called the Einstein ring.
Time ticks slower in accelerating frames of reference. Consider an beam of light being shone at a wall inside a room that is moving at constant velocity and in a room that is accelerating:
To an observer in the room accelerating, the light appears to be hitting the same spot as he is stationary with respect to the event. But to an observer outside the room, the light appears to be taking a curved path. As the speed of light is constant and the distance that light travels increases according to the observer (curved distances are longer than linear ones), time must be slowing down.
This is why light ticks slower closer to bodies with large masses, as light bends around them.
Bending of Light:
Light bends in the presence of bodies with large masses. Evidence: During a solar eclipse in 1919, Arthur Eddington found that stars behind the sun were shifted outwards as shown:
This proves that light from the stars bends due to the presence of a body of large mass like the sun which provides evidence for general relativity.
Gravitational lensing:
Light from distant galaxies behind other galaxies reach the earth because of bending of light. This allows us to see them and is evidence for general relativity.
The distant galaxy appears as a ring around the galaxy in front which is called the Einstein ring.
Time ticks slower in accelerating frames of reference. Consider an beam of light being shone at a wall inside a room that is moving at constant velocity and in a room that is accelerating:
To an observer in the room accelerating, the light appears to be hitting the same spot as he is stationary with respect to the event. But to an observer outside the room, the light appears to be taking a curved path. As the speed of light is constant and the distance that light travels increases according to the observer (curved distances are longer than linear ones), time must be slowing down.
This is why light ticks slower closer to bodies with large masses, as light bends around them.
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ReplyDeleteCO2 + UV laser → C + O2
ReplyDelete(2a)...interstellar travel not acceleration constant (laser)... a light´s beam that rotates is not a light´s beam that rotates... if it would be 1 only beam even the infinitesimal centrifugal force from gyration perhaps would break the beam launching tangentially its photons at straight line, as the stone of a sling loop that breaks. The arriving light from a gyratory pulsar star is something seemed, the same that gyratory laser pointer from horizon to horizon 180º in 1 second, each beam that exits from the gyratory source is an independent light´s ray with limited length that only goes away in straight line: source on, beam starts; source turns, that beam finishes, is off, and starts-on another beam in the new direction... Photon, its mass "is believed" that is zero, but... Photon, "relativistic" Mass M = E/c²... constant h=6.626*10^-34 joules-sec... v, frequency e.g. red light=4*10^14 Hz...that photon energy E = h*v; E = (6.626*10^-34) * (4*10^14); E = 2.6504*10^-19... that photon Mass M = E/c²; M = (2.6504*10^-19) / (9*10^16); M = 2.944889*10^-36 kgs... that Photon "relativistic" Mass ~29 ten-sextillionth of kg ______ 4 Screens, infinitesimal Centrifugal Force in kgs from that Photon, according to huge centrifugal G... 1: 95493 kms (96,105,971g)=2.8*10^-28 kgs (~28 hundred-thousand-quadrillionth of kg)... 2: Moon 384,403 kms (386,870,541g)=1.1*10^-27 kgs (~11 ten-thousand-quadrillionth of kg)... 3: Sun, 1.5*10^8 kms (150,962,873,002g)=4.4*10^-25 kgs (~44 hundred-quadrillionth of kgs)... 4: Andromeda, 1.9*10*19 kms (913,135,316,143,368g)=2.7*10^-21 kgs (~27 ten-thousand-trillionth of kg)... When source turns, each individual laser mark on the screen has zero speed, do not moves, arrives and it vanishes, susch as a light-bulbs row that they go being on and off one after another, from the first to the last hyperluminal speed, but is Not the speed of a mobile because there is Not any mobile.
ReplyDelete...interstellar travel constant acceleration (without "God bless to the United States of America")... and to the rest of the World that crack to it a ray... Only USA cans do this: leave to be USA and take the lead of UNION WORLD without nations, without wars and without frontiers (cities only) with 1 only World Government, 1 only Idiom, 1 only Army, 1 only Anthem and 1 only Earth Flag, admitting in Equality in UW to all countries that also want leave to be it and go away together toward the Immortal Future without gods religion "blesses" nor tales, instead of continue wasting the time raising barriers and with the demented religious-patriots assail-Congresses who make a country in which the house of the president is called the "white" house... Come on to the Future, and goodbye UN... Hello UW...
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